For decades now, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has been investigated to realize its potential
as a niche biomedical imaging modality. Despite its highly desirable optical contrast and …

Diverse applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have revolutionized various sectors in society. In
the recent decade, particularly magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained enormous …

Millirobots must have low cost, efficient locomotion, and the ability to track target trajectories
precisely if they are to be widely deployed. With current materials and fabrication methods …

Bioinspired microrobots capable of actively moving in biological fluids have attracted
considerable attention for biomedical applications because of their unique dynamic features …

Micro-nano biorobots based on bacteria have demonstrated great potential for tumor
diagnosis and treatment. The bacterial gene expression and drug release should be …

Micro/nanorobotic swarms consisting of numerous tiny building blocks show great potential
in biomedical applications because of their collective active delivery ability, enhanced …

Swimming microrobots guided in the circulation system offer considerable promise in
precision medicine but currently suffer from problems such as limited adhesion to blood …

Manipulation and navigation of micro and nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can
be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have …

Inspired by natural mobile microorganisms, researchers have developed micro/nanomotors
(MNMs) that can autonomously move by transducing different kinds of energies into kinetic …

Swimming biohybrid microsized robots (eg, bacteria-or sperm-driven microrobots) with self-
propelling and navigating capabilities have become an exciting field of research, thanks to …