Achieving sufficient delivery across the blood–brain barrier is a key challenge in the
development of drugs to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This is particularly …

Gradual degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, pars
compacta and subsequent reduction of dopamine levels in striatum are associated with …

Loss of consciousness is associated with the disruption of long-range thalamocortical and
corticocortical brain communication. We tested the hypothesis that deep brain stimulation …

Animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have proved highly effective in the discovery of
novel treatments for motor symptoms of PD and in the search for clues to the underlying …

Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …

Existing therapeutic strategies for managing Parkinson disease (PD), which focus on
addressing the loss of dopamine and dopaminergic function linked with degeneration of …

Background Parkinson's disease is typically treated with oral dopamine replacement
therapies; however, long-term treatment leads to motor complications and, occasionally …

The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta leads to the
characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: bradykinesia, rigidity and resting …

The current mainstay treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) consists of dopamine
replacement therapy which, in addition to causing several side effects, does not delay …

Neurological disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are still incompletely
understood. Many of these disorders lack a cure and are seeking more specific and effective …