All biological information, since the last common ancestor of all life on Earth, has been
encoded by a genetic alphabet consisting of only four nucleotides that form two base pairs …

Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) has become a mainstream technique for studying
biomolecular structural dynamics. The rapid and wide adoption of smFRET experiments by …

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is increasingly being used to
determine distances, structures, and dynamics of biomolecules in vitro and in vivo. However …

During chromosome replication, the nascent leading strand is synthesized by DNA
polymerase epsilon (Pol ε), which associates with the sliding clamp processivity factor …

The alternating-laser excitation (ALEX) scheme continues to expand the possibilities of
fluorescence-based assays to study biological entities and interactions. Especially the …

We present an approach that enables us to simultaneously access structure and dynamics
of a multidomain protein in solution. Dynamic domain arrangements are experimentally …

Off-target binding and cleavage by Cas9 pose major challenges in its application. How the
conformational dynamics of Cas9 govern its nuclease activity under on-and off-target …

Accurate replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by DNA polymerase γ (Polγ) is essential
for maintaining cellular energy supplies, metabolism, and cell cycle control. To illustrate the …

Monitoring the kinetics and conformational dynamics of single enzymes is crucial to better
understand their biological functions because these motions and structural dynamics are …

DNA polymerases play a central role in biology by transferring genetic information from one
generation to the next during cell division. Harnessing the power of these enzymes in the …