T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms
underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile …

Novel mRNA-based vaccines have been proven to be powerful tools in combating the
global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, with BNT162b2 (trade name: Comirnaty) …

Adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells are crucial for protective
immunity against pathogens and tumors. Differentiation and function of immune cells require …

Metabolic pathways and redox reactions are at the core of life. In the past decade (s),
numerous discoveries have shed light on how metabolic pathways determine the cellular …

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of activated T cells. The switch from oxidative
phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis provides energy and intermediary metabolites for the …

Naive T cells are actively maintained in a quiescent state that promotes their survival and
persistence. On antigen stimulation, T cells exit quiescence to initiate clonal expansion and …

CD4+ T helper cells are key regulators of host health and disease. In the original model,
specialized subsets of T helper cells are generated following activation through lineage …

Immune cell function is influenced by metabolic conditions. Low-glucose, high-lactate
environments, such as the placenta, gastrointestinal tract, and the tumor microenvironment …

Abstract Calcium (Ca2+) signalling is of paramount importance to immunity. Regulated
increases in cytosolic and organellar Ca2+ concentrations in lymphocytes control complex …