Growth in fundamental drivers—energy use, economic productivity and population—can
provide quantitative indications of the proposed boundary between the Holocene Epoch and …

Over the past decades, the scientific community has made significant efforts to simulate
flooding conditions using a variety of complex physically based models. Despite all …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

The rate of global-mean sea-level rise since 1900 has varied over time, but the contributing
factors are still poorly understood. Previous assessments found that the summed …

Most estimates of global mean sea-level rise this century fall below 2 m. This quantity is
comparable to the positive vertical bias of the principle digital elevation model (DEM) used …

Using a 25-y time series of precision satellite altimeter data from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1,
Jason-2, and Jason-3, we estimate the climate-change–driven acceleration of global mean …

Previous studies reconstructed twentieth-century global mean sea level (GMSL) from sparse
tide-gauge records to understand whether the recent high rates obtained from satellite …

Blue carbon provides opportunities to mitigate climate change while increasing ecosystem
services for coastal communities, including climate change adaptation; however, blue …

Ocean salinity records the hydrological cycle and its changes, but data scarcity and the large
changes in sampling make the reconstructions of long-term salinity changes challenging …

Since 1992, there has been a revolution in our ability to quantify the land ice contribution to
sea level rise using a variety of satellite missions and technologies. Each mission has …