This review covers current knowledge of selenium in the environment, dietary intakes,
metabolism and status, functions in the body, thyroid hormone metabolism, antioxidant …

NADPH oxidases of the Nox family exist in various supergroups of eukaryotes but not in
prokaryotes, and play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes, such as host defense …

The adequate availability and metabolism of three essential trace elements, iodine,
selenium and iron, provide the basic requirements for the function and action of the thyroid …

Depending on the availability of iodine, the thyroid gland is able to enhance or limit the use
of iodine for thyroid hormone production. When compensation fails, as in severely iodine …

The hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axis determines the set point of thyroid hormone
(TH) production. Hypothalamic thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the …

Abstract The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is the plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates
active I− transport in the thyroid and other tissues, such as salivary glands, stomach …

Differentiated thyroid cancers are more frequent in women than in men. These different
frequencies may depend on differences in patient's behavior and in thyroid investigations …

The trace elements iodine and selenium (Se) are essential for thyroid gland functioning and
thyroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. While iodine is needed as the eponymous …

Background: Thyroglobulin, produced exclusively by the thyroid gland, has been proposed
to be a more sensitive biomarker of iodine status than thyrotropin or the thyroid hormones …

Maintaining the redox balance between generation and elimination of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) is critical for health. Disturbances such as continuously elevated ROS levels …