Coral reefs are biodiverse and productive ecosystems but are threatened by local and
global stresses. The resulting loss of coral reefs is threatening coastal food and livelihoods …

Anthropogenically induced global climate change has profound implications for marine
ecosystems and the economic and social systems that depend upon them. The relationship …

This Report responds to the invitation for IPCC?... to provide a Special Report in 2018 on the
impacts of global warming of 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels and related global …

The world's coastal zones are experiencing rapid development and an increase in storms
and flooding. These hazards put coastal communities at heightened risk, which may …

Ocean warming under climate change threatens coral reefs directly, through fatal heat stress
to corals and indirectly, by boosting the energy of cyclones that cause coral destruction and …

The vast scope of conservation problems has forced biologists and managers to rely on"
surrogate" species to serve as shortcuts to guide their decision making. These species …

Since the early 1980s, episodes of coral reef bleaching and mortality, due primarily to
climate-induced ocean warming, have occurred almost annually in one or more of the …

Coral reefs are rich in biodiversity, in large part because their highly complex architecture
provides shelter and resources for a wide range of organisms. Recent rapid declines in hard …

The deteriorating health of the world's coral reefs threatens global biodiversity, ecosystem
function, and the livelihoods of millions of people living in tropical coastal regions. Reefs in …

Global change has been accompanied by recent increases in the frequency and intensity of
various ecological disturbances (eg, fires, floods, cyclones), both natural and anthropogenic …