Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a key role in adjusting the basal and stress-
activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). CRH is also widely distributed in …

Human pituitary adenomas are the most common intracranial neoplasms. Approximately 5%
of them are familial adenomas. Patients with familial tumors carry germline mutations in …

The anterior pituitary gland has the ability to respond to complex signals derived from central
and peripheral systems. Perception of these signals and their integration are mediated by …

Context: Cushing's disease, ie cortisol excess due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma,
is a rare disorder with considerable morbidity and mortality but no satisfactory medical …

Cushing's disease caused due to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary
adenomas (ACTHomas) leads to hypercortisolemia, resulting in increased morbidity and …

The tumour microenvironment (TME) includes a variety of non-neoplastic cells and non-
cellular elements such as cytokines, growth factors and enzymes surrounding tumour cells …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are extracellular signaling molecules that belong to
the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily and are well-known for their …

Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare disabling condition caused by Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)‐secreting adenomas of the pituitary. The majority of corticotropic …

Vitamin A (retinol) is a micronutrient critical for cell proliferation and differentiation. In adults,
vitamin A and metabolites such as retinoic acid (RA) play major roles in vision, immune and …

Objective. This prospective open trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of isotretinoin
(13‐cis‐retinoic acid) in patients with Cushing's disease (CD). Methods. Sixteen patients …