This Review presents a broad overview of adaptations of truly Arctic and Antarctic mammals
and birds to the challenges of polar life. The polar environment may be characterized by …

Despite being a prominent aspect of animal life, sleep and its functions remain poorly
understood. As with any biological process, the functions of sleep can only be fully …

The behavioural rhythms of organisms are thought to be under strong selection, influenced
by the rhythmicity of the environment,,,. Such behavioural rhythms are well studied in …

Phenotypic traits developed in one life‐history stage can carryover and affect survival in
subsequent stages. For songbirds, carryover effects from the pre‐to post‐fledging period …

Animals breeding at northern latitudes experience drastic changes in daily light conditions
during the breeding season with decreasing periods of darkness, whereas those living at …

Most of the life with which humans interact is exposed to highly rhythmic and extremely
predictable changes in illumination that occur with the daily events of sunrise and sunset …

The child-like question of why birds sing in the morning is difficult to answer, especially in
polar regions. There, in summer animals live without the time constraints of daylight, and …

The use of accelerometers has become an important part of biologging techniques for large-
sized birds with accelerometer data providing information about flight mode, wing-beat …

The polar regions receive less solar energy than anywhere else on Earth, with the greatest
year-round variation in daily light exposure; this produces highly seasonal environments …

Marine organisms adapt to complex temporal environments that include daily, tidal, semi-
lunar, lunar and seasonal cycles. However, our understanding of marine biological rhythms …