Abrasion damage of concrete induced by sediment-laden flow has been a significant
durability problem for hydraulic structures. Due to the complexity of dynamic fields and …

Earth's terrestrial topography evolves in response to the interaction of tectonics, climate, and
lithology. Recent discoveries suggest that the grain size of sediments produced on hillslopes …

Rivers are the great shapers of terrestrial landscapes. Very few points on Earth above sea
level do not lie within a drainage basin. Even points distant from the nearest channel are …

River incision into bedrock drives the topographic evolution of mountainous terrain and may
link climate, tectonics, and topography over geologic time scales. Despite its importance, the …

Geomorphological evidence of incised bedrock channels is widespread in all mountain
landscapes worldwide. However, the processes controlling incision and gorge formation in …

The most common detachment‐limited river incision models ignore the effects of sediment
on fluvial erosion, yet steep reaches of mountain rivers often host clusters of large (> 1 m) …

Understanding the physical processes driving bedrock channel formation is essential for
interpreting and predicting the evolution of mountain landscapes. Here we analyze bedrock …

Bedrock rivers set the pace of landscape adjustment to tectonic and climatic forcing by
transmitting signals of base-level change upstream through the channel network and …

River bed sediments typically fine downstream, where fining of median grain sizes are often
described as exponential, except where fine gravel abruptly transitions to sand. Across the …

Ooids are enigmatic concentrically coated carbonate sand grains that reflect a fundamental
mode of carbonate sedimentation and inorganic product of the carbon cycle—trends in their …