A survey of large language models in medicine: Progress, application, and challenge

H Zhou, F Liu, B Gu, X Zou, J Huang, J Wu, Y Li… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have received substantial attention due
to their capabilities for understanding and generating human language. While there has …

Building machines that learn and think with people

KM Collins, I Sucholutsky, U Bhatt, K Chandra… - Nature human …, 2024 - nature.com
What do we want from machine intelligence? We envision machines that are not just tools
for thought but partners in thought: reasonable, insightful, knowledgeable, reliable and …

Large language model influence on diagnostic reasoning: a randomized clinical trial

E Goh, R Gallo, J Hom, E Strong, Y Weng… - JAMA Network …, 2024 - jamanetwork.com
Importance Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in their performance on
both multiple-choice and open-ended medical reasoning examinations, but it remains …

Zero-shot clinical trial patient matching with llms

M Wornow, A Lozano, D Dash, J **dal, KW Mahaffey… - NEJM AI, 2025 - ai.nejm.org
Matching patients to clinical trials is a key challenge in bringing new drugs to market.
Identifying patients who meet eligibility criteria for a trial is highly manual, taking up to 1 hour …

A future role for health applications of large language models depends on regulators enforcing safety standards

O Freyer, IC Wiest, JN Kather, S Gilbert - The Lancet Digital Health, 2024 - thelancet.com
Among the rapid integration of artificial intelligence in clinical settings, large language
models (LLMs), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4, have emerged as …

An evaluation framework for clinical use of large language models in patient interaction tasks

S Johri, J Jeong, BA Tran, DI Schlessinger… - Nature Medicine, 2025 - nature.com
The integration of large language models (LLMs) into clinical diagnostics has the potential to
transform doctor–patient interactions. However, the readiness of these models for real-world …

Medical Artificial Intelligence and Human Values

KH Yu, E Healey, TY Leong, IS Kohane… - New England Journal …, 2024 - Mass Medical Soc
Key Points Medical Artificial Intelligence and Human Values As large language models and
other artificial intelligence models are used more in medicine, ethical dilemmas can arise …

Rethinking interpretability in the era of large language models

C Singh, JP Inala, M Galley, R Caruana… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Interpretable machine learning has exploded as an area of interest over the last decade,
sparked by the rise of increasingly large datasets and deep neural networks …

Drhouse: An llm-empowered diagnostic reasoning system through harnessing outcomes from sensor data and expert knowledge

B Yang, S Jiang, L Xu, K Liu, H Li, G **ng… - Proceedings of the …, 2024 - dl.acm.org
Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to transform digital healthcare, as
evidenced by recent advances in LLM-based virtual doctors. However, current approaches …

Towards safe large language models for medicine

T Han, A Kumar, C Agarwal… - ICML 2024 Workshop on …, 2024 - openreview.net
As large language models (LLMs) develop ever-improving capabilities and are applied in
real-world settings, it is important to understand their safety. While initial steps have been …