Upon receipt in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord, nociceptive (pain-signalling)
information from the viscera, skin and other organs is subject to extensive processing by a …

Decades of research have suggested that stimulation of supraspinal structures, such as the
periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), inhibits nocifensive …

Neural circuits that determine the perception and modulation of pain remain poorly
understood. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) provides top-down control of sensory and affective …

Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) have been
hypothesized as potentially safer analgesics than traditional opioid drugs. This is based on …

The descending-pain modulating circuit controls the experience of pain by modulating
transmission of sensory signals through the dorsal horn. This circuit's key output node, the …

The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) constitutes a major descending pain
modulatory system and is a crucial site for opioid-induced analgesia. A number of previous …

Chronic pain is a tremendous burden for afflicted individuals and society. Although opioids
effectively relieve pain, significant adverse outcomes limit their utility and efficacy. To …

Orexin A and B are hypothalamic peptides known to modulate arousal, feeding, and reward
via OX1 and OX2 receptors. Orexins are also antinociceptive in the brain, but their …

The objectives of the study were:(i) to elaborate an ethogram of the rat's behaviour during
the hot plate test,(ii) to analyse the rat's responses to the nociceptive heat stimulus by using …

The analgesia produced by inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor agonists involves
coordinated postsynaptic inhibition via G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium …