Background There is a need to standardize training in robotic surgery, including objective
assessment for accreditation. This systematic review aimed to identify objective tools for …

Cognitive ergonomics refer to mental resources and is associated with memory, sensory
motor response, and perception. Cognitive workload (CWL) involves use of working memory …

Monitoring the mental workload of operators is of paramount importance in space telerobotic
training and other teleoperation tasks. Instead of the estimation of task-specific workload …

Hyperscanning studies using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) have been
performed to understand the neural mechanisms underlying human-human interactions. In …

Training to master a new skill often takes a lot of time, effort, and financial resources,
particularly when the desired skill is complex, time sensitive, or high pressure where lives …

BACKGROUND: Sensor technologies and data collection practices are changing and
improving quality metrics across various domains. Surgical skill assessment in Robot …

Real-time mental stress monitoring from surgeons and surgical staff in operating rooms may
reduce surgical injuries, improve performance and quality of medical care, and accelerate …

Objective: To systematically review technologies that objectively measure CWL in surgery,
assessing their psychometric and methodological characteristics. Summary Background …

Background Studies applying transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) to motor regions
to enhance surgical skills have observed modest benefits in performance. Early surgical …

Surgical expertise does not have a clear definition and is often culturally associated with
power, authority, prestige, and case number rather than more objective proxies of …