Background: The climate variables that directly influence vector-borne diseases' ecosystems
are mainly temperature and rainfall. This is not only because the vectors bionomics are …

There is near unanimous scientific consensus that greenhouse gas emissions generated by
human activity will change Earth's climate. The recent (globally averaged) warming by 0· 5° …

Current evidence suggests that inter-annual and inter-decadal climate variability have a
direct influence on the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. This evidence has been …

By 2025, it is estimated that around 5 billion people, out of a total population of around 8
billion, will be living in countries experiencing water stress (using more than 20% of their …

Ecological disturbances exert an influence on the emergence and proliferation of malaria
and zoonotic parasitic diseases, including, Leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis …

Global atmospheric temperatures are presently in a warming phase that began 250--300
years ago. Speculations on the potential impact of continued warming on human health …

Mathematical models of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission originated in the early
twentieth century to provide insights into how to most effectively combat malaria. The …

The impact of global warming on insect-borne diseases and on highland malaria in
particular remains controversial. Temperature is known to influence transmission intensity …

Global change includes climate change and climate variability, land use, water storage and
irrigation, human population growth and urbanization, trade and travel, and chemical …

Diseases such as plague, typhus, malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever, transmitted
between humans by blood-feeding arthropods, were once common in the United States …