Humanity is facing many grand challenges at unprecedented rates, nearly everywhere, and
at all levels. Yet virtually all these challenges can be traced back to the decision and …

Individual-based models simulate populations and communities by following individuals and
their properties. They have been used in ecology for more than four decades, with their use …

Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a novel computational methodology for representing the
behavior of individuals in order to study social phenomena. Its use is rapidly growing in …

Ecology and natural history have a long tradition of interest in the spatial patterning and
geographic distribution of organisms. The latitudinal and altitudinal distribution of vegetative …

The introduction points out the very specific system characteristics of trees and forest stands
which determine the approach and methods to analyse and model forest stand dynamics …

Ecology of Shallow Lakes brings together current understanding of the mechanisms that
drive the diametrically opposite states of water clarity, shown by the cover paintings, found in …

Individual-based models are an exciting and widely used new tool for ecology. These
computational models allow scientists to explore the mechanisms through which population …

Allee effects are (broadly) defined as a decline in individual fitness at low population size or
density. They can result in critical population thresholds below which populations crash to …

Growth of plants results from two opposing factors: the intrinsic tendency toward unlimited
increase (biotic potential) and restraints imposed by environmental resistance and aging …

Each modeller who builds and analyses an individual-based model learns of course a great
deal, but what has ecology as a whole learned from the individual-based models published …