Surround modulation (SM) is a fundamental property of sensory neurons in many species
and sensory modalities. SM is the ability of stimuli in the surround of a neuron's receptive …

No sensory stimulus is an island unto itself; rather, it can only properly be interpreted in light
of the stimuli that surround it in space and time. This can result in entertaining illusions and …

Embryonal tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a heterogeneous group
of tumours about which little is known biologically, and whose diagnosis, on the basis of …

Neurons in sensory cortex integrate multiple influences to parse objects and support
perception. Across multiple cortical areas, integration is characterized by two neuronal …

One function of perceptual systems is to construct and maintain a reliable representation of
the environment. A useful strategy intrinsic to modern" Bayesian" theories of perception 1–6 …

Stimulation outside the receptive field of a primary visual cortical (V1) neuron reveals
intracortical neural interactions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. However, previous investigators implicitly or …

We investigated the spatial organization of surround suppression in primate primary visual
cortex (V1). We utilized drifting stimuli, configured to extend either from within the classical …

One of the most exciting and open research frontiers in neuroscience is that of seeking to
understand the functional roles of the layers of cerebral cortex. New experimental …

One of the fundamental tasks of the visual cortex is to integrate input from different parts of
the retina, parsing an image into contours and surfaces, and then assembling these features …

Many studies have shown that the excitation and inhibition received by cortical neurons
remain roughly balanced across many conditions. A key question for understanding the …