Electromechanical coupling in electroactive polymers (EAPs) has been widely applied for
actuation and is also being increasingly investigated for sensing chemical and mechanical …

This paper provides a detailed overview of developments in transducer materials technology
relating to their current and future applications in micro-scale devices. Recent advances in …

An endoscope is provided which comprises an elongated body adapted for insertion into a
body lumen, and a plurality of electrically controlled actuators associated with the body …

An endoscope apparatus and method of operating the same. The endoscope apparatus
comprises an endoscope portion and a control and display unit. The endoscope portion …

The increasing understanding of the advantages offered by fish and insect-like locomotion is
creating a demand for muscle-like materials capable of mimicking nature's mechanisms …

The fluid manipulation capabilities of current artificial cilia are severely handicapped by the
inability to reconfigure near-surface flow on various static or dynamically deforming three …

An endoscope apparatus and method of operating the same. The endoscope apparatus
comprises an endoscope portion and a control and display unit. The endoscope portion …

All‐polymeric triple‐layer artificial muscles capable of pushing obstacles that they meet
during their angular movement are presented (see Figure). Upon contact of the muscle with …

4,543,090 A 9/1985 McCoy 4,601,705 A 7/1986 McCoy 4,753.223 A 6/1988 Bremer
4,790,624 A 12/1988 Van Hoye et al. 4,846,573 A 7/1989 Taylor et al. 4,884,557 A 12/1989 …

(57) ABSTRACT A guide catheter apparatus that comprises the following:(a) a guide
catheter portion that includes a plurality of electro active polymer actuators disposed along …