Metal ions are ubiquitous in nature and play significant roles in assembling functional
materials in fields spanning chemistry, biology, and materials science. Metal–phenolic …

Polymeric materials produced from fossil fuels have been intimately linked to the
development of industrial activities in the 20th century and, consequently, to the …

Achieving strong adhesion between the interfaces of similar and dissimilar materials is
highly desirable in various fields. However, the adhesion of common adhesives is …

Nature has developed protein‐based adhesives whose underwater performance has
attracted much research attention over the last few decades. The adhesive proteins are rich …

Phenolic materials have long been known for their use in inks, wood coatings, and leather
tanning. However, there has recently been a renewed interest in engineering advanced …

Water and adhesives have a conflicting relationship as demonstrated by the failure of most
man-made adhesives in underwater environments. However, living creatures routinely …

Nature employs sophisticated control of a structure's properties at multiple length scales to
achieve its wet adhesion. However, the translation of such structures has very often been …

Polyelectrolyte complexation is critical to the formation and properties of many biological
and polymeric materials, and is typically initiated by aqueous mixing followed by fluid–fluid …

Stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) of the strong polyelectrolytes poly
(styrenesulfonate)(PSS) and poly (diallyldimethylammonium)(PDADMA) were dissociated …

Sandcastle worms have developed protein‐based adhesives, which they use to construct
protective tubes from sand grains and shell bits. A key element in the adhesive delivery is …