Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related
sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity …

Physical exercise has beneficial effects on metabolic diseases, and a combined therapeutic
regimen of regular exercise and pharmaceutical treatment is often recommended for their …

Homeostasis of energy is regulated by genetic factors, food intake, and energy expenditure.
When energy input is greater than expenditure, the balance is positive, which can lead to …

Context: Irisin has been proposed to be a myokine mediating the effect of exercise on
adipocyte browning. The physiology of irisin in humans is not completely understood …

Adipose tissue constitutes an extremely active endocrine organ with a network of signaling
pathways enabling the organism to adapt to a wide range of different metabolic challenges …

The myokine irisin is supposed to be cleaved from a transmembrane precursor, FNDC5
(fibronectin type III domain containing 5) and to mediate beneficial effects of exercise on …

In the last few years, the muscular system has gained attention due to the discovery of the
muscle-secretome and its high potency for retaining or regaining health. These cytokines …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein that stimulates processes of
neurogenesis, the survival of neurons and microglia, stimulates neuroplasticity, and takes …

Background: Irisin is a recently identified exercise-induced myokine suggested to induce
browning of white adipocytes. Deficiency of myostatin, and thus stimulation of muscle …

The growing understanding of adipose tissue as an important endocrine organ with multiple
metabolic functions has directed the attention to the (patho) physiology of distinct fat depots …