Increasing evidence points to a pivotal role of immune processes in the pathogenesis of
Alzheimer disease, which is the most prevalent neurodegenerative and dementia-causing …

Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to
impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk …

Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating monogenic neurodegenerative disease
characterized by early, selective pathology in the basal ganglia despite the ubiquitous …

Aging induces molecular, cellular and functional changes in the adult brain that drive
cognitive decline and increase vulnerability to dementia-related neurodegenerative …

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the
first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris …

Brain macrophages include microglia in the parenchyma, border-associated macrophages
in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space, and monocyte-derived macrophages …

Aging of the brain can manifest itself as a memory and cognitive decline, which has been
shown to frequently coincide with changes in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines …

The decline of cognitive function occurs with aging, but the mechanisms responsible are
unknown. Astrocytes instruct the formation, maturation, and elimination of synapses, and …

Amyloid plaques, mainly composed of abnormally aggregated amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the
brain parenchyma, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau …

Microglia maintain homeostasis in the central nervous system through phagocytic clearance
of protein aggregates and cellular debris. This function deteriorates during ageing and …