This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

Summary Three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging techniques can expand our knowledge
about physiological and pathological processes that cannot be fully understood with 2D …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors have a nutrient-poor, desmoplastic, and
highly innervated tumor microenvironment. Although neurons can release stimulatory factors …

Secretion of glucagon from the pancreatic α-cells is conventionally seen as the first and most
important defense against hypoglycemia. Recent findings, however, show that α-cell signals …

Previous studies have demonstrated stimulation of endocrine pancreas function by vagal
nerve electrical stimulation. While this increases insulin secretion, expected concomitant …

Dysregulation of glucagon secretion in type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves hypersecretion during
postprandial states, but insufficient secretion during hypoglycemia. The sympathetic nervous …

Abstract In three‐dimensional (3D) space, an unbiased and systemic view of human
specimens between structures and functions is required. However, conventional histological …

Although first described over a hundred years ago, tissue optical clearing is undergoing
renewed interest due to numerous advances in optical clearing methods, microscopy …

Abstract Purposes of Review Scattered throughout the pancreas, the endocrine islets rely on
neurovascular support for signal relay to regulate hormone secretion and for maintaining …

Although pathologic lesions in the pancreas are 3-dimensional (3D) complex structures, we
currently use thin 2D hematoxylin and eosin stained slides to study and diagnose pancreatic …