The retina, like many other central nervous system structures, contains a huge diversity of
neuronal types. Mammalian retinas contain approximately 55 distinct cell types, each with a …

Abstract Structure and function are highly correlated in the vertebrate retina, a sensory tissue
that is organized into cell layers with microcircuits working in parallel and together to encode …

It is widely recognized that the neural basis of brain function can be fully understood only by
integrating many disciplines at many levels. Studies of synaptic organization are bringing …

Human vision starts with the activation of rod photoreceptors in dim light and short (S)-,
medium (M)-, and long (L)-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptors in daylight. Recently a …

Our eyes send different'images' of the outside world to the brain—an image of contours (line
drawing), a colour image (watercolour painting) or an image of moving objects (movie). This …

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the bridging neurons that connect the retinal input to the
visual processing centres within the central nervous system. There is a remarkable diversity …

Incoming sensory information is sent to the brain along modality-specific channels
corresponding to the five senses. Each of these channels further parses the incoming …

A fovea is a pitted invagination in the inner retinal tissue (fovea interna) that overlies an area
of photoreceptors specialized for high acuity vision (fovea externa). Although the shape of …

Glaucoma is recognized to have its major detrimental effect upon the eye by killing retinal
ganglion cells. The process of cell death appears to be initiated at the optic nerve head …

Retinal circuits transform the pixel representation of photoreceptors into the feature
representations of ganglion cells, whose axons transmit these representations to the brain …