Production of sperm and androgens is the main function of the testis. This depends on
normal development of both testicular somatic cells and germ cells. A genetic program …

Carcinoma in situ testis (CIS), also known as intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN), is a
pre-invasive precursor of testicular germ cell tumours, the commonest cancer type of male …

Male germ cells, the repository cells of the genome, comprise several successive
developmental stages starting in the embryo and ending up with the spermatozoon …

The involvement of stemness factors in cancer initiation and progression has drawn much
attention recently, especially after the finding that introducing four stemness factors in …

BACKGROUND The NANOG gene, a member of the homeobox family of DNA binding
transcription factors, was recently identified in a screen for pluripotency‐promoting genes …

The production of spermatozoa relies on a pool of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), formed
in infancy from the differentiation of their precursor cells, the gonocytes. Throughout adult …

Abstract Octamer 4 (Oct4), a member of the POU family of transcription factors, plays a key
role in the maintenance of pluripotency and proliferation potential of embryonic stem cells …

The expression of one or more of a small number of molecules, typically cell surface-
associated antigens, or transcription factors, is widely used for identifying pluripotent stem …

Disorders of sex development (DSD), previously referred to as intersex disorders, comprise
a variety of anomalies defined by congenital conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal, or …

Certain patients with disorders of sex development (DSD), who bear Y chromosome material
in their karyotype, are at increased risk for the development of type II germ cell tumors (GCT) …