A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species
(collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” and is …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well recognized for
playing a dual role, since they can be either deleterious or beneficial to biological systems …

In total, twenty elements appear to be essential for the correct functioning of the human
body, half of which are metals and half are non-metals. Among those metals that are …

Copper is a vital mineral, and an optimal amount of copper is required to support normal
physiologic processes in various systems, including the cardiovascular system. Over the …

The growing interest in nanomedicine over the last 20 years has carved out a research field
called “nanocatalytic therapy,” where catalytic reactions mediated by nanomaterials are …

Nanomaterials and nanoparticles are a burgeoning field of research and a rapidly
expanding technology sector in a wide variety of application domains. Nanomaterials have …

The industrial activities of the last century have caused massive increases in human
exposure to heavy metals. Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic have been the …

A trace element, known as a minor element, is a chemical element whose concentration is
very low. They are divided into essential and non-essential classes. Numerous physiological …

Water quality depends on its physicochemical and biological parameters. Changes in
parameters such as pH, temperature, and essential and non-essential trace metals in water …

Environmental pollution of heavy metals is increasingly becoming a problem and has
become of great concern due to the adverse effects it is causing around the world. These …