Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, and we, as machine
learning (ML) experts, may wonder how we can help. Here we describe how ML can be a …

This article provides a systematic review of the literature on net-zero carbon cities, their
objectives and key features, current efforts, and performance. We discuss how net-zero …

Mitigation solutions are often evaluated in terms of costs and greenhouse gas reduction
potentials, missing out on the consideration of direct effects on human well-being. Here, we …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …

Urban expansion often occurs on croplands. However, there is little scientific understanding
of how global patterns of future urban expansion will affect the world's cultivated areas …

There is a scientific consensus on the need for spatially detailed information on urban
landscapes at a global scale. These data can support a range of environmental services …

Urban land expansion is one of the most visible, irreversible, and rapid types of land
cover/land use change in contemporary human history, and is a key driver for many …

Assessment of the social science literature and regional case studies reveals how social
norms, culture, and individual choices, interact with infrastructure and other structural …

Global net anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the last decade (2010–
2019) were higher than at any previous time in human history (high confidence). Since …

Information on urban built-up infrastructure is essential to understand the role of cities in
sha** environmental, economic, and social outcomes. The lack of data on built-up heights …