Multicellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized
medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of …

Organoids and organs-on-chips are two rapidly emerging 3D cell culture techniques that
aim to bridge the gap between in vitro 2D cultures and animal models to enable clinically …

Organoids have emerged as major technological breakthroughs and novel organ models
that have revolutionized biomedical research by recapitulating the key structural and …

Cancer metastasis counts for 90% of cancer fatalities, and its development process is still a
mystery. The dynamic process of tumor metastatic transport in the blood vessel is not well …

Personalized pain medicine aims to tailor pain treatment strategies for the specific needs
and characteristics of an individual patient, holding the potential for improving treatment …

Cardiac organoids are 3-dimensional (3D) structures composed of tissue or niche-specific
cells, obtained from diverse sources, encapsulated in either a naturally derived or synthetic …

Cancer models, which are biologically representative of patient tumors, can predict the
treatment responses and help determine the most appropriate cancer treatment for …

The in vitro simulation of organs resolves the accuracy, ethical, and cost challenges
accompanying in vivo experiments. Organoids and organs-on-chips have been developed …

Abstract pioids are commonly used for treating chronic pain. However, with continued use,
they may induce tolerance and/or hyperalgesia, which limits therapeutic efficacy. The human …

The aging of the immune system drives systemic aging and the pathogenesis of age‐related
diseases. However, a significant knowledge gap remains in understanding immune‐driven …