Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating
back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion …

Single-molecule biophysics has transformed our understanding of biology, but also of the
physics of life. More exotic than simple soft matter, biomatter lives far from thermal …

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy can be used in a wide range of cell
biological applications, and is particularly well suited to analysis of the localization and …

Localized subcellular changes in Ca 2+ serve as important cellular signaling elements,
regulating processes as diverse as neuronal excitability and gene expression. Studies of …

Changes in intracellular Ca2+ are central to the function of smooth muscle, which lines the
walls of all hollow organs. These changes take a variety of forms, from sustained, cell-wide …

Recent years have seen the introduction of novel techniques and applications of total
internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Key technical achievements include …

Live‐cell microscopy imaging of fluorescent‐tagged fusion proteins is an essential tool for
cell biologists. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) has joined confocal …

A seminal event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the abnormal proteolytic
processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), resulting in increased production of a …

In eukaryotic cells, a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ can activate a plethora of responses that
operate on time scales ranging from milliseconds to days. Inherent to the use of a …

In the last decade or so, it has been realised that membranes do not just have a lipid-bilayer
structure in which proteins are embedded or with which they associate. Structures are …