The bottom-up assembly of biological and chemical components opens exciting
opportunities to engineer artificial vesicular systems for applications with previously unmet …

Macromolecular crowding affects the activity of proteins and functional macromolecular
complexes in all cells, including bacteria. Crowding, together with physicochemical …

The ultimate microscope, directed at a cell, would reveal the dynamics of all the cell's
components with atomic resolution. In contrast to their real-world counterparts …

Conspectus Cells have evolved to be self-sustaining compartmentalized systems that
consist of many thousands of biomolecules and metabolites interacting in complex cycles …

Living and proliferating cells undergo repeated cycles of growth, replication and division, all
orchestrated by complex molecular networks. How a minimal cell cycle emerged and helped …

The de novo construction of a living organism is a compelling vision. Despite the astonishing
technologies developed to modify living cells, building a functioning cell “from scratch” has …

The design and construction of synthetic prototissues from integrated assemblies of artificial
protocells is an important challenge for synthetic biology and bioengineering. Here we …

Scientists are captivated by the prospect of creating a fully synthetic cell, offering the
potential to revolutionize biology, medicine and biotechnology. In this Viewpoint, a panel of …

Cell-free gene expression is a vital research tool to study biological systems in defined
minimal environments and has promising applications in biotechnology. Develo** …

Research on so‐called “chemical artificial intelligence”(CAI) is an emerging field with the
aim of constructing information‐processing systems with learning capabilities based on …