Vascular endothelium maintains vascular homeostasis through liberating a spectrum of
vasoactive molecules, both protective and harmful regulators of vascular tone, structural …

Arachidonic acid (AA) is an essential fatty acid that is released by phospholipids in cell
membranes and metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes …

The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by
releasing vasodilator substances. The best‐characterized endothelium‐derived relaxing …

Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension.
The endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is responsible for the production of …

The high renal oxygen (O2) demand is associated primarily with tubular O2 consumption
(Qo2) necessary for solute reabsorption. Increasing O2 delivery relative to demand via …

In the United States the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) reached epidemic
proportions in 2012 with over 600,000 patients being treated. The rates of ESRD among the …

Branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine and valine) are essential amino
acids implicated in glucose metabolism and maintenance of correct brain function. Elevated …

Significance: Renal oxidative stress can be a cause, a consequence, or more often a
potentiating factor for hypertension. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney …

Sitagliptin, a selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, inhibits the inactivation and
degradation of glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is used for the treatment of type 2 …

Aims: This study evaluates a possible relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS)
and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived products in conductance and resistance arteries from …