Obesity leads to chronic, systemic inflammation and can lead to insulin resistance (IR), β-cell
dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chronic inflammatory state …

Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that
leads to tissue scarring, is the final common outcome of a wide variety of chronic kidney …

Increasing evidence suggests that renal inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and
progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and that anti-inflammatory therapies might …

Simple Summary Nephrotoxicity is the dose-limiting factor of cisplatin treatment.
Nephrotoxicity is characterized by reduced kidney function. Although an often-reversible …

Renal tubules are the major component of the kidney and are vulnerable to a variety of
injuries including hypoxia, proteinuria, toxins, metabolic disorders, and senescence. It has …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common chronic kidney disease. Accumulation of
glucose and metabolites activates resident macrophages in kidneys. Resident macrophages …

HMGB1, a nucleoprotein, is expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells. During cell activation
and cell death, HMGB1 can function as an alarm protein (alarmin) or damage-associated …

The kidney has a remarkable ability of repair after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, when
injury is severe or persistent, the repair is incomplete or maladaptive and may lead to …

Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive
emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed …

Diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and has become a global challenge.
Insulin resistance in target tissues and a relative deficiency of insulin secretion from …