High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers
initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate …

Heavy-ion collisions at BNL's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN's Large Hadron
Collider provide strong evidence for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, with …

The microscopic description of heavy-ion reactions at low beam energies is achieved within
hadronic transport approaches. In this article a new approach called “Simulating Many …

High-energy nuclear collisions produce a nonequilibrium plasma of quarks and gluons
which thermalizes and exhibits hydrodynamic flow. There are currently no practical …

We develop a macroscopic description of the space-time evolution of the energy-momentum
tensor during the pre-equilibrium stage of a high-energy heavy-ion collision. Based on a …

A linear Boltzmann transport model within perturbative QCD is developed for the study of
parton propagation inside the quark-gluon plasma. Both leading partons and thermal recoil …

We provide an overview of recent experimental and theoretical developments in the area of
optical discrete solitons. By nature, discrete solitons represent self-trapped wavepackets in …

Several transport models have been employed in recent years to analyze heavy-flavor
meson spectra in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Heavy-quark transport coefficients …

In physics, wave propagation is traditionally analyzed by means of regular solutions of wave
equations. However, solutions of wave equations in two and three dimensions often possess …

We present a coupled Boltzmann and hydrodynamics approach to relativistic heavy ion
reactions. This hybrid approach is based on the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular …