Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a
common feature of both animal and plant innate immune systems. In plants, PRR signalling …

Plants have evolved a repertoire of monitoring systems to sense plant morphogenesis and
to face environmental changes and threats caused by different attackers. These systems …

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) play crucial roles in plant
immunity, growth, and development. Plants deploy a large number of RLKs and RLPs as …

The extracellular pH is a vital regulator of various biological processes in plants. However,
how plants perceive extracellular pH remains obscure. Here, we report that plant cell …

As a universal process in multicellular organisms, including animals and plants, cells usually
emit danger signals when suffering from attacks of microbes and herbivores, or physical …

Plants deploy numerous cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to
perceive host-and microbe-derived molecular patterns that are specifically released during …

INTRODUCTION Cellular damage caused by wounding triggers signals to alert the
surrounding tissue. As a universal process in all multicellular organisms, these signals …

To counter pathogen invasion, plants have evolved a large number of immune receptors,
including membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular …

The cells of multicellular organisms receive extracellular signals using surface receptors.
The extracellular domains (ECDs) of cell surface receptors function as interaction platforms …

Peptides fulfill a plethora of functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses.
They act as key components of cell-to-cell communication, interfere with signaling and …