Harnessing the process of natural selection to obtain and understand new microbial
phenotypes has become increasingly possible due to advances in culturing techniques …

Gene essentiality is a founding concept of genetics with important implications in both
fundamental and applied research. Multiple screens have been performed over the years in …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising antimicrobials, however, the potential of
bacterial resistance is a major concern. Here we systematically study the evolution of …

In experimental evolution, laboratory-controlled conditions select for the adaptation of
species, which can be monitored in real time. Despite the current popularity of such …

Evolve and resequence (E&R) experiments use experimental evolution to adapt populations
to a novel environment, then next-generation sequencing to analyse genetic changes. They …

Epistasis can markedly affect evolutionary trajectories. In recent decades, protein-level
fitness landscapes have revealed extensive idiosyncratic epistasis among specific …

Genetically identical cells frequently display substantial heterogeneity in gene expression,
cellular morphology and physiology. It has been suggested that by rapidly generating a …

For most species, evolutionary adaptation is not expected to be sufficiently rapid to buffer the
effects of human‐mediated environmental changes, including environmental pollution. Here …

Loss of gene function is common throughout evolution, even though it often leads to reduced
fitness. In this study, we systematically evaluated how an organism adapts after deleting …

Gene essentiality is typically determined by assessing the viability of the corresponding
mutant cells, but this definition fails to account for the ability of cells to adaptively evolve to …