Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable neurodevelopmental period marked by high rates
of engagement with risky alcohol use. This review summarizes the cognitive and neural …

Per occasion, alcohol consumption is higher in adolescents than in adults in both humans
and laboratory animals, with changes in the adolescent brain probably contributing to this …

Adolescence is a developmental period when physical and cognitive abilities are optimized,
when social skills are consolidated, and when sexuality, adolescent behaviors, and frontal …

Alcohol consumption and stress increase brain levels of known innate immune signaling
molecules. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, and neurons respond to alcohol …

Background Chronic alcohol exposure (CAE) during late adolescence increases the risk of
anxiety development. Alcohol-induced prefrontal cortex (PFC) microglial activation …

There are two key alcohol use patterns among human adolescents that confer increased
vulnerability for later alcohol abuse/dependence, along with neurocognitive alterations:(a) …

Over the past decade, many studies have indicated that adolescence is a critical period of
brain development and maturation. The refinement and maturation of the central nervous …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) or pattern recognition receptors respond to pathogen‐associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) or internal damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) …

Cytokines and microglia have been implicated in anxiety, depression, neurodegeneration as
well as the regulation of alcohol drinking and other consumatory behaviors, all of which are …

Studies over the last decade demonstrate that adolescence is a brain maturation period from
childhood to adulthood. Plastic and dynamic processes drive adolescent brain development …