Short answer scoring (SAS) is the task of grading short text written by a learner. In recent
years, deep-learning-based approaches have substantially improved the performance of …

The mobile learning sector has exploded, implying that the e-Learning trend is shifting to
mobile platforms. As a result, chatbots have become increasingly popular alternatives for …

This paper investigates crosslingual content scoring, a scenario where scoring models
trained on learner data in one language are applied to data in a different language. We …

Worldwide, open-ended questions that require short answers have been used in many
exams in fields of science, such as the International Student Assessment Program (PISA) …

Automatic essay scoring is a machine learning task where we create a model that can
automatically assess student essay answers. Automated essay scoring will be instrumental …

Short answer question is one of the methods used to evaluate student cognitive abilities,
including memorizing, designing, and freely expressing answers based on their thoughts …

Essay is one of the assessments to find out the abilities of students in depth. UKARA is an
automatic essay scoring development that combines NLP and machine learning. This study …

Abstract English became the first foreign language that came to Indonesia in 1967. The
human needs of English can already be seen through lots of official scientific works in …

Attending lectures is a common way to learn Islamic knowledge. The speaker talks in front of
the forum and participants take notes on the lecture material. Many participants listen to the …

There are two main problems on forming the Automatic Essay Scoring Model. They are the
datasets having imbalanced amount of the right and wrong answers and the minimal use of …