Planets intermediate in size between the Earth and Neptune, and orbiting closer to their host
stars than Mercury does the Sun, are the most common type of planet revealed by exoplanet …

The discovery of thousands of highly irradiated, low-mass, exoplanets has led to the idea
that atmospheric escape is an important process that can drive their evolution. Of particular …

The search for habitable environments and biomarkers in exoplanetary atmospheres is the
holy grail of exoplanet science. The detection of atmospheric signatures of habitable Earth …

We have collected transit times for the TRAPPIST-1 system with the Spitzer Space
Telescope over four years. We add to these ground-based, HST, and K2 transit-time …

The population of planets smaller than approximately 1.7 Earth radii (R⊕) is widely
interpreted as consisting of rocky worlds, generally referred to as super-Earths. This picture …

Studies of exoplanet demographics require large samples and precise constraints on
exoplanet host stars. Using the homogeneous Kepler stellar properties derived using the …

We demonstrate that the deep volatile storage capacity of magma oceans has significant
implications for the bulk composition, interior, and climate state inferred from exoplanet mass …

With sizable volatile envelopes but smaller radii than the solar system ice giants, sub-
Neptunes have been revealed as one of the most common types of planet in the galaxy …

Abstract Small planets (∼ 1–3.9 Å R) constitute more than half of the inventory of the 4000-
plus exoplanets discovered so far. Smaller planets are sufficiently dense to be rocky, but …

Context. Several planetary formation models have been proposed to explain the observed
abundance and variety of compositions of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. In this context …