The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of the fundamental processes …

Influenza is an acute respiratory disease in mammals and domestic poultry that emerges
from zoonotic reservoirs in aquatic birds and bats. Although influenza viruses are among the …

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome, which if not
promptly treated, can lead rapidly to critical illness and death. HLH is termed macrophage …

Natural killer (NK) cells are effector cells of the innate immune system and are important in
the control of viral infections. Their relevance is reflected by the multiple mechanisms …

Influenza virus infection is a serious threat to humans and animals, with the potential to
cause severe pneumonia and death. Annual vaccination strategies are a mainstay to …

The influenza A virus is one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in humans.
Upon infection with an influenza A virus, both innate and adaptive immune responses are …

Infection with Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant cell death within the upper and lower
respiratory tract and lung parenchyma. In severe infections, high levels of cell death can …

Influenza viruses have perplexed scientists for over a hundred years. Yearly vaccines limit
their spread, but they do not prevent all infections. Therapeutic treatments for those …

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