Snake venoms are complex mixtures of toxic proteins that hold significant medical,
pharmacological and evolutionary interest. To better understand the genetic diversity …

This comprehensive review explores the cutting-edge advancements in snake venom
research, focusing on the integration of proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and …

The Eastern Long-Nosed Viper (Vipera ammodytes meridionalis) is considered one of the
most venomous snakes in Europe. However, it is unknown whether ontogenetic variation in …

For most animals, it is relatively easy to call a juvenile from an adult form. As animals change
their appearance from juveniles to adults, myriad other changes operate, including dietary …

Understanding the proximate and ultimate causes of phenotypic variation is fundamental in
evolutionary research, as such variation provides the substrate for selection to act upon …

Conservation of threatened species can benefit from an evaluation of genes in the Major
Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), whose loci encode proteins that bind pathogens and are …

Intraspecific phenotypic variation can be used as a window into the ecological differences
among individuals of a species and lead to a better understanding of adaptive evolution …

Selection on heritable phenotypic variation has played a prominent role in sha** the
remarkable adaptations found across the Tree of Life. Complex ecological traits, such as …

Venoms have traditionally been studied from a proteomic and/or transcriptomic perspective,
often overlooking the true genetic complexity underlying venom production. The recent …

Research on animal venoms and their components spans multiple disciplines, including
biology, biochemistry, bioinformatics, pharmacology, medicine, and more. Manipulating and …