Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean are facing complex environmental change.
Their native biota has adapted to the region's extreme conditions over many millions of …

No global synthesis of the status of baleen whales has been published since the 2008 IUCN
Red List assessments. Many populations remain at low numbers from historical commercial …

Over the next century, elevated quantities of atmospheric CO 2 are expected to penetrate
into the oceans, causing a reduction in pH (− 0.3/− 0.4 pH unit in the surface ocean) and in …

We present an update of the 'key points' from the Antarctic Climate Change and the
Environment (ACCE) report that was published by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Several recent climate impact assessments on polar regions have been undertaken,
including the synthesis report on Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (AMAP …

Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares
many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading …

As the oceans absorb anthropogenic CO2 they become more acidic, a problem termed
ocean acidification (OA). Since this increase in CO2 is occurring rapidly, OA may have …

We review the state of knowledge of the individual and community responses of
euthecosome (shelled) pteropods in the context of global environmental change. In …

In the context of global climate change, ocean acidification and warming are becoming
increasingly serious. Adding carbon sinks in the ocean is an important part of efforts to …