Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces
and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible
and virulent human-infecting coronavirus that emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a broad range
of clinical responses including prominent microvascular damage. The capacity of SARS …

Cardiopulmonary complications are major drivers of mortality caused by the SARS-CoV-2
virus. Interleukin-18, an inflammasome-induced cytokine, has emerged as a novel mediator …

Studies have reported the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, primarily diarrhea,
in COVID-19. However, the pathobiology regarding COVID-19 in the GI tract remains limited …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can cause
gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that often correlate with the severity of COVID‐19. Here, we …

Abstract Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by lung injury,
cytokine storm, and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Current therapies focus …

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are serious health
problems that manifest as acute respiratory failure in response to different conditions …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global
pandemic and public health crisis since the beginning of 2020. First recognized for the …

Background Knowledge of the entry receptors responsible for SARS-CoV-2 is key to
understand the neural transmission and pathogenesis of COVID-19 characterized by a …