Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process in normal embryonic
development and tissue regeneration. However, aberrant reactivation of EMT is associated …

Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the last
decade, significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, particularly …

Antagonistic antibodies targeting the inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor PD-1 or its
ligand PD-L1 are used to treat a wide range of cancer types and can substantially improve …

The process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental for embryonic
morphogenesis. Cells undergoing it lose epithelial characteristics and integrity, acquire …

Cancer metastasis is a biologically complex process that remains a major challenge in the
oncology clinic, accounting for nearly all of the mortality associated with malignant …

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death.
Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant …

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune …

Abstract Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) enacts major roles in the maintenance
of epithelial tissues. However, when EGFR signaling is altered, it becomes the grand …

Background The responses of cancer patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vary in
success. CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play a key role in killing tumor cells. This …

Ongoing research has revealed that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is one of the
biggest obstacles in the current cancer therapy. CSCs make an influential function in tumor …