Ketamine and ketamine metabolite pharmacology: insights into therapeutic mechanisms
Ketamine, a racemic mixture consisting of (S)-and (R)-ketamine, has been in clinical use
since 1970. Although best characterized for its dissociative anesthetic properties, ketamine …
since 1970. Although best characterized for its dissociative anesthetic properties, ketamine …
Mechanisms of ketamine action as an antidepressant
Clinical studies have demonstrated that a single sub-anesthetic dose of the dissociative
anesthetic ketamine induces rapid and sustained antidepressant actions. Although this …
anesthetic ketamine induces rapid and sustained antidepressant actions. Although this …
Neuroscience of apathy and anhedonia: a transdiagnostic approach
Apathy and anhedonia are common syndromes of motivation that are associated with a wide
range of brain disorders and have no established therapies. Research using animal models …
range of brain disorders and have no established therapies. Research using animal models …
Toward a better understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiology of anhedonia: are we ready for translation?
Anhedonia—the loss of pleasure or lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli—remains a
formidable treatment challenge across neuropsychiatric disorders. In major depressive …
formidable treatment challenge across neuropsychiatric disorders. In major depressive …
NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites
Major depressive disorder affects around 16 per cent of the world population at some point
in their lives. Despite the availability of numerous monoaminergic-based antidepressants …
in their lives. Despite the availability of numerous monoaminergic-based antidepressants …
Adjunctive ketamine with relapse prevention–based psychological therapy in the treatment of alcohol use disorder
Objective: Early evidence suggests that ketamine may be an effective treatment to sustain
abstinence from alcohol. The authors investigated the safety and efficacy of ketamine …
abstinence from alcohol. The authors investigated the safety and efficacy of ketamine …
Targeting glutamate signalling in depression: progress and prospects
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is severely disabling, and current treatments have limited
efficacy. The glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine was …
efficacy. The glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine was …
Prefrontal cortical regulation of brainwide circuit dynamics and reward-related behavior
INTRODUCTION The drive to seek and experience reward is conserved across species and,
in mammals, involves interactions between subcortical dopaminergic systems and limbic …
in mammals, involves interactions between subcortical dopaminergic systems and limbic …
Glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid systems in the pathophysiology of major depression and antidepressant response to ketamine
In patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, abnormalities in excitatory
and/or inhibitory neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity may lead to aberrant functional …
and/or inhibitory neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity may lead to aberrant functional …
Ketamine: 50 years of modulating the mind
Ketamine was introduced into clinical practice in the 1960s and continues to be both
clinically useful and scientifically fascinating. With considerably diverse molecular targets …
clinically useful and scientifically fascinating. With considerably diverse molecular targets …