Background: Over years, surgical training is changing and years of tradition are being
challenged by legal and ethical concerns for patient safety, work hour restrictions, and the …

Endoscopic procedures form part of routine clinical practice for minimally invasive
examinations and interventions. While they are beneficial for the patient, reducing surgical …

Visual Computing for Medicine, Second Edition, offers cutting-edge visualization techniques
and their applications in medical diagnosis, education, and treatment. The book includes …

Surgical skills can be improved by continuous surgical training and feedback, thus reducing
adverse outcomes while performing an intervention. With the advent of new technologies …

Objective We investigated how augmented reality (AR) can be applied to support
transsphenoidal surgery. Methods AR was established using the head-up displays …

BACKGROUND Adequate surgical planning includes a precise understanding of patient-
specific anatomy and is a necessity for neurosurgeons. Although the use of virtual reality …

This paper quantifies the registration and fusion display errors of augmented reality-based
nasal endoscopic surgery (ARNES). We comparatively investigated the spatial calibration …

Objective Surgical navigation is a well-established tool in endoscopic skull base surgery.
However, navigational and endoscopic views are usually displayed on separate monitors …

Surgeries of the skull base require accuracy to safely navigate the critical anatomy. This is
particularly the case for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (ESBS) where the …

Simulation and planning of surgery using a virtual reality model is becoming common with
advances in computer technology. In this study, we conducted a literature search to find …