Throughout the world, areas have been reserved for their exceptional environmental values,
such as high biodiversity. Financial, political and community support for these protected …

Animals often exhibit consistent-individual differences (CIDs) in boldness/fearfulness,
typically studied in the context of predation risk. We focus here on fear generalization, where …

Highlights•The idea that animals may habituate to benign stimuli is an old idea.•Habituation
to human stimuli is important for wildlife conservation/management.•I review generalizations …

Human disturbance drives the decline of many species, both directly and indirectly.
Nonetheless, some species do particularly well around humans. One mechanism that may …

Animal tolerance towards humans can be a key factor facilitating wildlife–human
coexistence, yet traits predicting its direction and magnitude across tropical animals are …

Novel selective pressures derived from human activities challenge the persistence of animal
populations worldwide. Behavior is expected to be a major factor driving animals' responses …

Behavioral adjustment is a key factor that facilitates species' coexistence with humans in a
rapidly urbanizing world. Because urban animals often experience reduced predation risk …

Wind farms are a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels for mitigating the effects of climate
change, but they also have complex ecological consequences. In the biodiversity hotspot of …

Highlights•Relationship between FID and distance fled was positive for heavier bird
species.•No relationship between FID and starting distance was found in urban …

Sleep is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom and yet displays considerable variation in its
extent and form in the wild. Ecological factors, such as predation, competition, and …