We review evidence for climate change over the past several millennia from instrumental
and high‐resolution climate “proxy” data sources and climate modeling studies. We focus on …

Hundreds of coral paleoclimate records have been developed over the past several
decades, significantly extending the instrumental record and improving our understanding of …

Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to
placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present …

The evolution of industrial-era warming across the continents and oceans provides a context
for future climate change and is important for determining climate sensitivity and the …

The abundance of the doubly substituted CO2 isotopologue, 13C18O16O, in CO2 produced
by phosphoric acid digestion of synthetic, inorganic calcite and natural, biogenic aragonite is …

The Mediterranean region contains a diverse and interesting climate ranging from areas
with permanent glaciers to areas of subtropical, semiarid regions. The region is potentially …

Publisher Summary The Mediterranean Region has many morphologic, geographical,
historical, and societal characteristics, which make its climate scientifically interesting. The …

Most annually resolved climate reconstructions of the Common Era are based on terrestrial
data, making it a challenge to independently assess how recent climate changes have …

The precipitation climatology and the underlying climate mechanisms of the eastern
Mediterranean, West Asia, and the Indian subcontinent are reviewed, with emphasis on …

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is arguably the most important global climate pattern.
While the effects in the Pacific–North American sector and the tropical regions are relatively …