Recent global educational initiatives and reforms have focused on increasing the number of
students pursuing STEM subjects, and ensuring students are well-prepared, and suitably …

Early algebraic thinking is the reasoning engaged in by 5-to 12-year-olds as they build
meaning for the objects and ways of thinking to be encountered within the later study of …

A Digital Twin is the concept of creating a digital replica of physical models (such as a robot).
This is similar to establishing a simulation using a robot operating system (ROS) or other …

This survey of the state of the art on research in early algebra traces the evolution of a
relatively new field of research and teaching practice. With its focus on the younger student …

This article investigates how the recent implementation of programming in school
mathematics interacts with algebraic thinking and learning. Based on Duval's theory of …

The study of functions is a critical route into teaching and learning algebra in the elementary
grades, yet important questions remain regarding the nature of young children's …

Existing literature reviews of calculus learning made an important contribution to our
understanding of the development of mathematics education research in this area …

In this chapter, we discus s the algebra framework that guides our work and how this
framework was enacted in the design of a curricular approach for systematically develo** …

Algebraic thinking is a method of solving math problems that stresses the significance of
general connections. Excellent algebraic thinking necessitates strong symbolization and …

In this article we advance characterizations of and supports for elementary students'
progress in generalizing and representing functional relationships as part of a …