Research on isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) based on high-order harmonic generation
changed substantially around 2010. Before then, the Ti: sapphire laser was the de facto …

Since the first demonstration of the generation of attosecond pulses (1 as= 10− 18 s) in the
extreme-ultraviolet spectral region, several measurement techniques have been introduced …

The quantum-mechanical motion of electrons in molecules and solids occurs on the sub-
femtosecond timescale. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronic phenomena requires …

Optical elements that convert the spin angular momentum (SAM) of light into vortex beams
have found applications in classical and quantum optics. These elements—SAM-to–orbital …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and table-top sources of x-rays based upon high
harmonic generation (HHG) have revolutionized the field of ultrafast x-ray atomic and …

The advent of visible-infrared laser pulses carrying a substantial fraction of their energy in a
single field oscillation cycle has opened a new era in the experimental investigation of …

The past two decades have seen rapid developments in short-pulse X-ray sources, which
have enabled the study of nuclear and electronic dynamics by ultrafast X-ray spectroscopies …

Ultrafast processes in matter, such as the electron emission after light absorption, can now
be studied using ultrashort light pulses of attosecond duration (10− 18 seconds) in the …

Chiral light-matter interactions have been investigated for two centuries, leading to the
discovery of many chiroptical processes used for discrimination of enantiomers. Whereas …

Light–electron interaction is the seminal ingredient in free-electron lasers and dynamical
investigation of matter. Pushing the coherent control of electrons by light to the attosecond …