Cell type-and differentiation-specific gene expression is precisely controlled by genomic non-
coding regulatory elements (NCREs), which include promoters, enhancers, silencers and …

Vertebrate CpG islands (CGIs) are short interspersed DNA sequences that deviate
significantly from the average genomic pattern by being GC-rich, CpG-rich, and …

DNA can determine where and when genes are expressed, but the full set of sequence
determinants that control gene expression is unknown. Here, we measured the …

In mammals, DNA methylation occurs mainly at CpG dinucleotides. Methylation of the
promoter suppresses gene expression, but the functional role of gene-body DNA …

The Mediator is an evolutionarily conserved, multiprotein complex that is a key regulator of
protein-coding genes. In metazoan cells, multiple pathways that are responsible for …

Elongation is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical step in eukaryotic
transcriptional regulation. Although traditional genetic and biochemical studies have …

Mammalian promoters can be separated into two classes, conserved TATA box–enriched
promoters, which initiate at a well-defined site, and more plastic, broad and evolvable CpG …

▪ Abstract The events leading to transcription of eukaryotic protein-coding genes culminate
in the positioning of RNA polymerase II at the correct initiation site. The core promoter, which …

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs, presenting the
biggest global threat to animal farming in recorded history. Despite the importance of ASFV …

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) is unique among the four TIMPs due to its
extracellular matrix (ECM)-binding property and broad range of inhibitory substrates that …