Mitochondria are cellular organelles that orchestrate a vast range of biological processes,
from energy production and metabolism to cell death and inflammation. Despite this …

There are several interrelated mechanisms involving iron, dopamine, and neuromelanin in
neurons. Neuromelanin accumulates during aging and is the catecholamine-derived …

Almost two decades after the identification of SNCA as the first causative gene in
Parkinson's disease (PD) and the subsequent understanding that genetic factors play a …

Emodin is an anthraquinone derivative found in the roots and bark of a variety of plants,
molds, and lichens. Emodin has been used as a traditional medication for more than 2000 …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder that is characterized by the progressive
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta resulting in …

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the second most abundant glycerophospholipid in
eukaryotic cells. The existence of four only partially redundant biochemical pathways that …

Loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 and Parkin cause parkinsonism in humans and
mitochondrial dysfunction in model organisms. Parkin is selectively recruited from the …

The molecular mechanisms causing the loss of dopaminergic neurons containing
neuromelanin in the substantia nigra and responsible for motor symptoms of Parkinson's …

Almost two decades of genetic research in Parkinson's disease (PD) have remarkably
increased our knowledge regarding the genetic basis of PD with numerous genes and …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that was long
considered the result of environmental factors. In the past 15 years, however, a genetic …