Extreme events such as heat waves and cold spells, droughts, heavy rain, and storms are
particularly challenging to predict accurately due to their rarity and chaotic nature, and …

The field of extreme event attribution (EEA) has rapidly developed over the last two decades.
Various methods have been developed and implemented, physical modelling capabilities …

Uncertainty quantification is crucial to decision-making. A prominent example is probabilistic
forecasting in numerical weather prediction. The dominant approach to representing …

Central European winters have warmed markedly since the mid-20th century. Yet cold
winters are still associated with severe societal impacts on energy systems, infrastructure …

Multiple recent record-shattering weather events raise questions about the adequacy of
climate models to effectively predict and prepare for unprecedented climate impacts on …

The observed increase in extreme weather has prompted recent methodological advances
in extreme event attribution. We propose a machine learning–based approach that uses …

Various studies identified possible drivers of extremes of Arctic sea ice reduction, such as
observed in the summers of 2007 and 2012, including preconditioning, local feedback …

AFFILIATIONS: a Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council
of Italy (CNR-ISAC), Bologna, Italy; b Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical …

The occurrence of extreme hot and dry summer conditions in the Pacific Northwest region of
North America (PNW) has been known to be influenced by climate modes of variability such …

Extreme heat threatens human life, evidenced by> 260,000 heat-related fatalities collectively
in the deadliest events since 2000. In this Review, we link physical climate science with heat …